全文获取类型
收费全文 | 33447篇 |
免费 | 1906篇 |
国内免费 | 1695篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 19932篇 |
晶体学 | 144篇 |
力学 | 649篇 |
综合类 | 652篇 |
数学 | 7440篇 |
物理学 | 8231篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 211篇 |
2022年 | 395篇 |
2021年 | 1244篇 |
2020年 | 668篇 |
2019年 | 769篇 |
2018年 | 527篇 |
2017年 | 589篇 |
2016年 | 753篇 |
2015年 | 839篇 |
2014年 | 1031篇 |
2013年 | 1913篇 |
2012年 | 1257篇 |
2011年 | 1468篇 |
2010年 | 1408篇 |
2009年 | 1828篇 |
2008年 | 1940篇 |
2007年 | 2128篇 |
2006年 | 1630篇 |
2005年 | 990篇 |
2004年 | 921篇 |
2003年 | 944篇 |
2002年 | 3429篇 |
2001年 | 1164篇 |
2000年 | 684篇 |
1999年 | 483篇 |
1998年 | 479篇 |
1997年 | 342篇 |
1996年 | 419篇 |
1995年 | 377篇 |
1994年 | 389篇 |
1993年 | 434篇 |
1992年 | 431篇 |
1991年 | 288篇 |
1990年 | 239篇 |
1989年 | 193篇 |
1988年 | 230篇 |
1987年 | 186篇 |
1986年 | 207篇 |
1985年 | 309篇 |
1984年 | 232篇 |
1983年 | 138篇 |
1982年 | 288篇 |
1981年 | 465篇 |
1980年 | 423篇 |
1979年 | 464篇 |
1978年 | 370篇 |
1977年 | 283篇 |
1976年 | 237篇 |
1974年 | 76篇 |
1973年 | 150篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
Yasuhito Tanaka 《Operations Research Letters》2019,47(5):406-409
We study a dynamic free-entry oligopoly with sluggish entry and exit of firms under general demand and cost functions. We show that the number of firms in a steady-state open-loop solution for a dynamic free-entry oligopoly is smaller than that at static equilibrium and that the number of firms in a steady-state memoryless closed-loop solution is larger than that in an open-loop solution. 相似文献
72.
This paper develops a framework to deal with the unconditional superclose analysis of
nonlinear parabolic equation. Taking the finite element pair $Q_{11}/Q_{01} × Q_{10}$ as an example,
a new mixed finite element method (FEM) is established and the $τ$ -independent superclose
results of the original variable $u$ in $H^1$-norm and the flux variable $\mathop{q} \limits ^{\rightarrow}= −a(u)∇u$ in $L^2$-norm are deduced ($τ$ is the temporal partition parameter). A key to our analysis is an
error splitting technique, with which the time-discrete and the spatial-discrete systems are
constructed, respectively. For the first system, the boundedness of the temporal errors is obtained. For the second system, the spatial superclose results are presented unconditionally, while the previous literature always only obtain the convergent estimates or require
certain time step conditions. Finally, some numerical results are provided to confirm the
theoretical analysis, and show the efficiency of the proposed method. 相似文献
73.
Let be a finite field and a positive integer. In this paper, we find a new combinatorial method to determine weight enumerators of reducible cyclic codes and their dual codes of length over , which just generalize results of Zhu et al. (2015); especially, we also give the weight enumerator of a cyclic code, which is viewed as a partial Melas code. Furthermore, weight enumerators obtained in this paper are all in the form of power of a polynomial. 相似文献
74.
75.
Gunasekaran Balamurugan Sundarraman Balaji Rengan Ramesh Nattamai S.P. Bhuvanesh 《应用有机金属化学》2019,33(1)
A panel of six new arene Ru (II)‐NHC complexes 2a‐f , (NHC = 1,3‐diethyl‐(5,6‐dimethyl)benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene 1a , 1,3‐dicyclohexylmethyl‐(5,6‐dimethyl)benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene 1b and 1,3‐dibenzyl‐(5,6‐dimethyl)benzimidazolin‐2‐ylidene 1c ) were synthesized from the transmetallation reaction of Ag‐NHC with [(η6‐arene)RuCl2]2 and characterized. The ruthenium (II)‐NHC complexes 2a‐f were developed as effective catalysts for α‐alkylation of ketones and synthesis of bioactive quinoline using primary/amino alcohols as coupling partners respectively. The reactions were performed with 0.5 mol% catalyst load in 8 h under aerobic condition and the maximum yield was up to 96%. Besides, the different alkyl wingtips on NHC and arene moieties were studied to differentiate the catalytic robustness of the complexes in the transformations. 相似文献
76.
Johisner Penagos‐Llanos Olimpo García‐Beltrn J. A. Caldern Edgar Nagles J. J. Hurtado 《Electroanalysis》2019,31(4):695-703
The detection of Allura red (AR) by electrochemical reduction using a different electrode from the conventional mercury electrode is presented. A carbon paste with cobalt (II, III) oxide composite electrode (CoOx/CPE) is reported for the first time for the detection of AR. Moreover, others dyes such as tartrazine (TZ), sunset yellow (SY), amaranth (AM), Ponceaut 4‐R (P‐4R), and Sudan (SD) as well as pharmaceutical agents such as paracetamol (PMC) that are present in samples that contained AR did not show a reduced signal between 0.0 and ?0.3 V, which is the potential range where AR reduction was observed. The surface electroactivity was studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The presence of CoOX increased the cathodic peak current for AR by more than 50 % and 65 % via CV and square wave voltammetry (SWV), respectively, compared with an unmodified carbon paste electrode. Under the optimal parameters, (pH=3.0, accumulation time (tACC)=60 s and accumulation potential (EACC)=0.50 V), the detection limit for AR was 0.05 μmol L?1. The new sensor was sensitive and stable for the detection of AR. Moreover, it was easily manufactured and very convenient for food samples such as soft and isotonic drinks as well as chili sauce. 相似文献
77.
Yongsheng Song 《Stochastic Processes and their Applications》2019,129(6):2066-2085
As is known, if is a -Brownian motion, a process of form , , is a non-increasing -martingale. In this paper, we shall show that a non-increasing -martingale cannot be form of or , , which implies that the decomposition for generalized -Itô processes is unique: For arbitrary , and non-increasing -martingales , if then we have , and. As an application, we give a characterization to the -Sobolev spaces introduced in Peng and Song (2015). 相似文献
78.
针对若干远海岛礁群系统封闭性的分布特点,将中心岛礁选址、各岛礁建设泊位数量和规模、仓库储存量、运输船型和数量以及航线设置、班期组织等作为规划内容,以整个运输网络系统总成本最低为原则,综合考虑了仓库存储理论,建立了兼顾“选址-库存-路径”的规划模型。结合所建模型特点,提出了双层并行搜索遗传算法,构建了以海上运输为基本交通方式的双向物流系统。最后,以我国南海为例进行建模并求解,采用不同算法并通过多组不同规模的算例进行演算比较,验证了所建模型和算法的有效性与合理性。 相似文献
79.
A simple, sensitive and rapid ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of warfarin and 7‐hydroxy warfarin in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Animals were administered a single dose of warfarin sodium formulations (crystalline and amorphous) at 12 mg/kg via oral gavage and blood was drawn over a 96‐h time course. Sample process recoveries, matrix effect and analyte stability were determined. The linearity for warfarin and 7‐hydroxy warfarin was from 5 to 2000 ng/mL in blank SD rat plasma. Correlation coefficients (r2) for standard calibration curves were >.98 and analytes quantified within ±15% of target at all calibrator concentrations. The average percent accuracy and precision for intra‐ and inter‐day were 93.7%–113.8% and ≤12.1%, respectively, for warfarin and 7‐hydroxy warfarin, across the quality control standards (5, 10, 500, 1800 and 2000 ng/mL). Acceptable analytical recovery (>55%) was achieved with process efficiencies >41.5% and matrix effects <139.9% over the analytical range. Both analytes were stable in stock solution, autosampler, benchtop and three cycles of freeze–thaw with percent accuracy ≥90.2% and precision (percent relative standard deviation) ≤14%. The validated method was successfully applied to a pre‐clinical bioavailability study of crystalline and amorphous warfarin sodium formulations in SD rats. 相似文献
80.
Jinghua YANG 《数学年刊B辑(英文版)》2019,40(2):227-236
In this paper, the author gives the discrete criteria and J\o
rgensen inequalities of subgroups for the special linear group on
$\overline{\mathrm{F}}((t))$ in two and higher dimensions. 相似文献